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A NUMBER of citizens associated in 1823, and formed a society for the custody of juvenile delinquents, and their moral and scholastic improvement; and as another party entertained the purpose of constructing a House of Refuge for such delinquents after the manner which had been proposed by Dr. John Griscom six years previously, the two associations joined; and in 1824 the United States Arsenal at junction of Broadway and the old Boston or Middle Road, which had been built in 18o6, now the site of the Farragut, Worth, and Seward monuments, was fashioned to accommodate the two sexes of juveniles, and on the 1st of January, 1825, it was opened for operation. This building was burned in 1839, and the institution was removed to the foot of East Twentythird Street in October of that year.

The site of these buildings and the surrounding area, in 1807, extended to Thirty-fourth Street on the north, Third Avenue on the east, and Seventh Avenue on the west; it was reduced in 1814 to the limits of Thirty-first Street, Fourth and Sixth avenues, and designated as Madison Square. About 1844 a further reduction was made to the present limits of Madison Square-Madison and Fifth avenues, Twenty-third and Twenty-sixth streets. The original design was that of a great military paradeground.

In this year Chambers Street was extended from Cross (now City Hall Place) to Chatham Street; the name of

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